Igishushanyo mbonera gihora kifitanye isano ryamateka yubumuntu nubuhanzi bwigihe runaka, kandi gihinduka hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga n'umuco. Kurugero, amateka yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba afite umwanya wingenzi muri Byzantine, Baroque, Rococo.
Imiterere ya Byzantine
Ibiranga: Gufungura zahabu na feza, amabuye y'agaciro, afite ibara rikomeye.
Ingoma ya Byzantine, izwi kandi ku bw'ingoma y'Abaroma iburasirazuba, yari izwiho ubucuruzi bwayo bunini mu byuma n'amabuye. Kuva mu kinyejana cya kane kugeza mu binyejana bya cumi na gatanu, Byzantium yari afite ubutunzi bwumubiri wa kiperial, kandi umuyoboro mpuzamahanga wagutse wubucuruzi wahaye imitako ya Byzantine yitiriwe kubona zahabu n'amabuye y'agaciro.
Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yo gutunganya imitako y'ubwami bw'Abaroma iburasirazuba nabwo yageze ku burebure butigeze bubaho. Ubuhanzi bwubuhanzi bwarazwe na Roma. Mu bwami bw'abahentare, ubwoko bushya bw'imitako y'amabara yatangiye kugaragara, akamaro k'umutaka w'amabara yatangiye kurenza icya zahabu, kandi icyarimwe, na Ebonite yakoreshejwe cyane.
Gukabya zahabu na feza ni kimwe mubintu byingenzi biranga imitako ya Byzantine. Imwe mu tekinike zizwi cyane za zahabu muri Byzantium yitwaga Opupinterrasile, yagombaga kunyerera zahabu muburyo bukomeye kandi burambuye hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zo gutabara, ad tekinike kuva kera.
Mu kinyejana cya 10, ad, tekinike ya Burin Exmeling yatejwe imbere. Imitako ya Byzantine yazanye porogaramu y'ubu buhanga, bukubiyemo guterura igishushanyo mbonera mu itare, bikayishyiraho imikoreshereze y'icyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yinyuma, kandi ikuraho imikoreshereze yuzuye, kandi ikuraho zenith.
Amabuye manini y'amabara yashyizweho. Imirimo ya Byzantine GemStone yagaragaye, igice-kizunguruka, amabuye ashyigikiwe (cabochons) yashyizwe mu mabuye y'agaciro, kandi mu buryo bukabije bw'amabuye, kandi muri rusange arira.
Hamwe n'ibara rikomeye ry'idini. Kuberako uburyo bwubuhanzi bwa Byzantine bwatangiriye mubukristo, niko umusaraba cyangwa ufite inyamaswa yumwuka irashobora kuba isanzwe mumitako ya Byzantine.
Igihe cya Baroque Imiterere yimitako
Ibiranga: icyubahiro, imbaraga, gikomeye kandi gikabije, mugihe cyuzuyemo uburemere nubushyuhe, kwinezeza na Grandeur
Uburyo bwa Baroque, bwatangiye mubufaransa mugihe cya Louis XIV, ni ibintu byiza kandi byiza. Muri kiriya gihe, mu gihe cyo guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa kamere no gushakisha isi nshya, kuzamuka kw'ikigereranyo cyo hagati cy'Uburayi, gushimangira ubwami bwo hagati, n'urugamba rwo kugenda. Igishushanyo mbonera cyinshi cya Baroque ni Sévigné Bownknot, umukarabu wa mbere wambaye imitako, yavutse hagati yikinyejana cya 17. Umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa Madame de Sévigé (1626-96) yamenyesheje ubu bwoko bw'imitako.
Urunigi rwashushanyije hejuru rurerekanaexmeling, inzira rusange mumitako ya Baroque. Kurasa amabara atandukanye ya enamel kuri zahabu yatangiye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17 nk'abacurararando bya tekinile yitwa Jean Toutin (1578-1644).
Imiterere ya Baroque yimitako akenshi ifite agora adethe aeste yeethetic, itaba ijyanye no gukoresha cyane enamel. Ibi byari igihe dimettle enamel yashoboraga kuboneka buri gihe imbere yimbere ninyuma yimitako.
Ubu buhanga bworoshye bukwiranye cyane cyane no kwerekana indabyo, no mu kinyejana cya 17, hari ururabo rwatumye amaraso yose ateka kandi yibuke. Mu ntangiriro baturutse mu Buholandi, iyi ndabyo yari ihishurwa mu Bufaransa: tulip.
Mu kinyejana cya 17, Thetulipcyari ikimenyetso cya societe nkuru, kandi mugihe gihenze cyane, kilip itanura irashobora guhana kuri villa yose.
Iki giciro rwose, ubu dufite ijambo ryo gusobanura iki kibazo, ryitwa igituba, ni igituba, rwose kizaturika. Bidatinze, igituba kimaze kuvunika, igiciro cya Tulip amatara cyatangiye kuri tungurusumu, kizwi ku izina rya "tulip bubble".
Ibyo ari byo byose, tulime zabaye inyenyeri yo mu mitako ya Baroque.
Ku bijyanye n'igenamiterere, iki cyari kikiri igihe diyama yashyizwe muri zahabu, kandi ntugasuzugure icyuma gikoreshwa mu gushiraho diyama, kuko mu kinyejana cya 18 cyashyizeho diyama zabaye nkeya kandi zisanzwe mu mitako ya Rococo.
Imitako yiki gihe umubare munini wimbonerahamweKata diyama, ni ukuvuga, octahedrale diamond ibuye rikaba ryaciwe inama, ni diyama yibanze cyane.
Imitako myinshi ya Baroque iyo urebye kuri ifoto uzasanga diyama isa numwirabura, mubyukuri, kuva imbere ya diyama ubwayo ntishobora kunyuramo ibice byinshi byo gutunganya imbere. Noneho rero irangi irashobora kandi kubona diyama nyinshi "umukara", impamvu irasa.
Mu bukorikori bw'imitako, Baroque yerekana ibiranga ibi bikurikira: icyubahiro, gikomeye, gikomeye, mugihe cyuzuyemo ibintu byiza kandi bikabije, bike hamwe na kamere y'amadini. Wibande ku buryo bwo hanze bwimikorere, ushimangira uburyo bwo guhindura hamwe nikirere cyo gutanga.
Mugihe cyashize, imiterere yumurimo ishishikajwe cyane ni pompous, ibiteye isoni n'amabara, bitangira kwirengagiza ibikubiye mubyimbitse byumvikana kandi biryoshye. Imiterere ya baroque yatinze yahishuye imiterere ya rococo mubice bimwe.
Imiterere ya Rococo
Ibiranga: Femininity, asimine, ubwitonzi, umucyo, ibiryo byiza, ibiryo byiza, "c" -sa kuzenguruka.
Ibiranga: Femininity, asimine, ubwitonzi, umucyo, ibiryo byiza, ibiryo byiza, "c" -sa kuzenguruka.
"Rococo" (Rococo) uhereye ku ijambo ry'igifaransa rocaille, bisobanura urutare cyangwa imitako ya shell, hanyuma ijambo ryerekeza ku rutare no kumenagura ibihingwa by'uburinganire. Niba uburyo bwa Baroque bumeze nkumugabo, rococo style ni nkumugore.
Umwamikazi Marie wo mu Bufaransa yari umufana ukomeye wa Rococo Ubuhanzi n'imitako.
Mbere yuko Umwami Louis XV, uburyo bwa Baroque bwari insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru y'urukiko, ni ndende kandi ya kera, ikirere ni cyiza, cyo kuvuga imbaraga z'igihugu. Hagati mu kinyejana cya 18, inganda n'ubucuruzi by'Ubufaransa byateye imbere cyane maze biba igihugu cyateye imbere mu Burayi, usibye Ubwongereza. Imibereho n'ubukungu n'imibereho y'ibintu, kuko iterambere rya Rokoco ryashyizeho urufatiro, ibikomangoma n'abanyamiseri y'imbere, kandi mu mpande zose z'Ubufaransa, hagaragaza ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kuzamuka, ni ukuvuga ingaruka nziza. Imiterere ya rococo mubyukuri imiterere yuburyo bwa Baroque bwahinduwe nkana kubisubizo byanze bikunze.
Umwami Louis XV yashyize ahagaragara ku ntebe y'ubwami, muri Gashyantare 1745 Umunsi umwe wasangaga afite imyaka irenga makumyabiri y'urukundo nyarwo - Madamu Pompadour, ni iyi Madamu Pompadour ni iyihe ya Rococo.
Imiterere ya Rococo irangwa na: Kuramya, Umucyo, Umucyo mwiza kandi urambuye kandi urambuye
Rococo Art Deco ashushanya uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya igishinwa, igifaransa kuva kumurongo woroshye wubushinwa, faceri ya farashi hamwe nintebe nintebe hamwe nimboga kugirango ubone guhumekwa.
Ibishushanyo ntibyari bigitegekwa n'ibigirwamana, ibimenyetso by'amadini n'ibimenyetso, ariko n'ibintu kamere nk'ibisimba nkamababi, indabyo n'imizabibu.
Imiterere yuburyo bwa Rococo mubyukuri nuburyo bwa Baroque bwahinduwe nkana kubisubizo byanze bikunze byanze bikunze. Ushaka kumenya byinshi kubyerekeye imitako ya Rococo hamwe ninshuti zuburyo bwubuhanzi, basabwe kubona film uhagarariye "Showman ikomeye". Filime yose kuva mumitako kugirango yambare imitako yimbere irerekana cyane ibiranga kandi igikundiro cyimiterere ya rococo.
Imitako ya Rococo ikorwa hamwe numubare munini wa roza yaciwe diyama, arangwa nitsinda riringaniye na mpandeshatu.
Ubu buryo bwibanze bwakomeje gusezerana kugeza hafi ya 1820, igihe yasimburwaga numusaza waciwe, ariko ntibyigeze bibura burundu, ndetse bishimira ububyutse muri 1920, nyuma yimyaka 100.
Inganda zimitako zakubiswe cyane no gutontoma kw'impinduramatwara y'Abafaransa mu 1789. Hanyuma umugabo muto wo kuva muri Sidile yabaye umwami w'Ubufaransa, kandi yari Napoleon. Yasaze cyane kubera icyubahiro cyahoze cy'Ingoma y'Abaroma, kandi imitekerereze ya Rocona yagendaga buhoro buhoro kuva ku cyiciro cyamateka.
Hejuru yuburyo buke kandi buhebuje imitako, bafite uburyo butandukanye, ariko nanone reka umuntu yumve umwe cyangwa undi, cyane cyane Baroque na Rococo - Urukiko rwa Baroque, Rococo Gorgeous. Ariko uko byagenda kose, uburyo bwubuhanzi, bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bashushanya kuva icyo gihe.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024