Imyambarire ya Byzantine, Baroque na Rococo

Igishushanyo mbonera cyimitako gihora gifitanye isano cyane namateka yubumuntu nubuhanzi bwamateka yigihe runaka, nimpinduka hamwe niterambere rya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga n'umuco n'ubuhanzi. Kurugero, amateka yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba afite umwanya wingenzi muburyo bwa Byzantine, Baroque, Rococo.

Imyambarire ya Byzantine

Ibiranga: gufungura zahabu na feza, amabuye y'agaciro asize, afite amabara akomeye y'idini.

Ingoma ya Byzantine, izwi kandi ku izina ry'Ingoma y'Abaroma y'Iburasirazuba, yari izwiho ubucuruzi bunini bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye. Kuva mu kinyejana cya kane kugeza mu cya cumi na gatanu, Byzantium yari ifite ubutunzi buhebuje bw'ubwami, kandi umuyoboro mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi wagiye waguka wahaye abanyabutare ba Byzantine kubona zahabu n'amabuye y'agaciro.

Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yo gutunganya imitako yo mu Burasirazuba bw'Abaroma nayo yageze ahirengeye. Imiterere yubuhanzi yarazwe na Roma. Mu mpera z'Ingoma y'Abaroma, ubwoko bushya bw'imitako y'amabara bwatangiye kugaragara, akamaro ko gushushanya amabuye y'agaciro yatangiye kurenza ay'izahabu, kandi muri icyo gihe, ifeza ya ebonite nayo yarakoreshejwe cyane.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (1)

Skeletonisation ya zahabu na feza nimwe mubintu byingenzi biranga imitako ya Byzantine. Bumwe mu buhanga buzwi cyane bwo gutunganya zahabu muri Byzantium bwiswe opusinterrasile, kwari ukugira ngo skeletonize zahabu hagamijwe gukora imiterere yoroheje kandi irambuye ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo gutabara, tekinike yari ikunzwe kuva kera kuva mu kinyejana cya gatatu nyuma ya Yesu.

Mu kinyejana cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, tekinike yo gusiga burin yatejwe imbere. Imitako ya Byzantine yazanye ikoreshwa ryubu buhanga, burimo gutobora igishushanyo cyasubiwemo mu ipine y'icyuma, gusukaho enamel kugirango ishusho igaragare ku cyuma, kandi ikuraho ikoreshwa ry’imiterere yuzuye yuzuye, kugeza kuri zenith.

Amabuye manini yamabara yashizweho. Igikorwa cya amabuye y'agaciro ya Byzantine cyerekanaga amabuye asize, igice kizengurutse kizengurutse, amabuye ashyigikiwe neza (cabochons) yashyizwe muri zahabu itagaragara, hamwe n'umucyo winjira mu mabuye azengurutswe kugira ngo asohore amabara y'amabuye, kandi muri rusange amabuye asobanutse neza, mu buryo buhanitse kandi buhebuje.

 

Hamwe n'ibara rikomeye ry'idini. Kuberako ubuhanzi bwa Byzantine bwaturutse mubukristo, bityo umusaraba cyangwa ufite inyamaswa yo mu mwuka birashobora kuba rusange mumitako ya Byzantine.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (18)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (19)

Imiterere ya Baroque imitako

Ibiranga: icyubahiro, imbaraga, imbaraga kandi zishimishije, mugihe cyuzuyemo ibirori nicyubahiro, kwinezeza no gukomera

 

Imiterere ya Baroque, yatangiriye mu Bufaransa mugihe cya Louis XIV, ni nziza kandi nziza. Muri kiriya gihe, byari mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima no gushakisha isi nshya, kuzamuka kw’ibihugu byo mu Burayi bwo hagati, gushimangira ingoma ya cyami yo hagati, no guharanira ishyaka ry’ivugurura. Igishushanyo cyerekana cyane imitako ya Baroque ni umuheto wa Sévigné, imitako ya mbere ya bowknot, yavutse hagati mu kinyejana cya 17. Umwanditsi w’umufaransa Madame de Sévigné (1626-96) yatumye ubu bwoko bwimitako bukundwa.

Urunigi rugaragara hejuru rwerekanaenameling, inzira isanzwe mumitako ya Baroque. Kurasa amabara atandukanye ya enamel kuri zahabu byatangiye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17 nk'udushya twa tekiniki n'umucuzi witwa Jean Toutin (1578-1644).

Imiterere ya baroque yimitako akenshi iba ifite ubwiza bukomeye bwa agora, budafitanye isano no gukoresha cyane enamel. Nigihe emamel dainty yashoboraga kuboneka buri gihe haba imbere ninyuma yimitako.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (17)
Butike ya Wellendorff boutique Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West butike ya Nanjing Umuhanda ufungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (16)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ufungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (15)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (13)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (14)

Ubu buhanga bwamabara bukwiranye cyane cyane no kwerekana indabyo, kandi mu kinyejana cya 17 cyose, hari ururabo rwatumaga rwose Uburayi bwose amaraso abira kandi akibuka. Ubusanzwe ukomoka mu Buholandi, ururabo rwerekanwe mubufaransa: tulip.

Mu kinyejana cya 17 ,.tulipyari ikimenyetso cya societe yo hejuru, kandi ihenze cyane, itara rya tulip ryashoboraga guhindurwa muri villa yose.

Iki giciro rwose cyazamutse, ubu dufite ijambo ryo gusobanura iki kibazo, cyitwa igituba, ni igituba, rwose kizaturika. Bidatinze nyuma yo kumeneka, igiciro cyamatara ya tulip cyatangiye tungurusumu, kizwi nka "tulip bubble".

Ibyo ari byo byose, tale zabaye inyenyeri yimitako ya baroque.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (11)

Ku bijyanye n’imiterere, iki cyari kikiri igihe diyama yashyizwe muri zahabu, kandi ntugapfobye icyuma cyakoreshwaga mu gushiraho diyama, kubera ko mu kinyejana cya 18 zahabu yashizeho diyama yari igenda iba mike mu mitako ya Rococo.

Imitako yiki gihe umubare munini wamezagabanya diyama, ni ukuvuga, octahedral diamant ibuye mbisi yaciwe hejuru, ni diyama yibanze cyane.

Imitako myinshi ya baroque iyo urebye ku ifoto uzasanga diyama isa n'umukara, mubyukuri, ntabwo ibara rya diyama ubwayo, ariko kubera ko ibice ari bike cyane, uhereye imbere ya diyama ukinjira mumucyo ntibishobora kunyura mubirimo mubice byo kugabanuka kwinshi bivuye imbere bigaragarira inyuma. Noneho gushushanya birashobora kandi kubona diyama nyinshi "umukara", impamvu irasa.

Mu bukorikori bw'imitako, Baroque yerekana ibintu bikurikira: icyubahiro, imbaraga, kwiruka cyane, mugihe cyuzuyemo abanyacyubahiro bakomeye kandi bakomeye, bitarimo idini. Wibande kuburyo bwo hanze bwimikorere, ushimangira uburyo bwimpinduka nikirere cyo gutanga.

Mugihe cyanyuma, imiterere yumurimo irangwa cyane no kwiyemera, gutukana no kurangi, kandi itangira kwirengagiza ibikubiye mubikorwa byimbitse byerekana kandi byoroshye. Imiterere ya Baroque yatinze yerekanye uburyo bwa Rococo mubice bimwe.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (10)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (9)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (8)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (6)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (7)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (5)

Imiterere ya imitako ya Rococo

Ibiranga: uburinganire, asimmetrie, ubworoherane, umucyo, kuryoherwa, kuryoherwa no kugorana, "C" -shusho, "S" -imirongo ifatika.

Ibiranga: uburinganire, asimmetrie, ubworoherane, umucyo, kuryoherwa, kuryoherwa no kugorana, "C" -shusho, "S" -imirongo ifatika.

 

“Rococo” (Rococo) ikomoka ku ijambo ry'igifaransa rocaille, risobanura imitako y'urutare cyangwa igikonjo, hanyuma iryo jambo ryerekeza ku mitako y'urutare na mussel nk'ibiranga uburyo bw'ubuhanzi. Niba injyana ya Baroque imeze nkumugabo, injyana ya Rococo irasa numugore.

 

Umwamikazi Marie w'Ubufaransa yari umufana ukomeye w'ubuhanzi n'imitako ya Rococo.

Butike ya Wellendorff ya boutique Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff Butike ya Nanjing Umuhanda wa boutique ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (4)
Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (3)

Mbere y'Umwami Louis XV, injyana ya baroque yari insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru y'urukiko, ni ndende kandi ya kera, ikirere ni cyiza, cyo kuvuga imbaraga z'igihugu. Hagati mu kinyejana cya 18, inganda n’ubucuruzi by’Ubufaransa byateye imbere cyane maze biba igihugu cyateye imbere mu Burayi, usibye Ubwongereza. Imibereho nubukungu niterambere ryimibereho yibintu, kugirango iterambere rya rococo rishyireho urufatiro, ibikomangoma nabanyacyubahiro bicyubahiro, mubice byose byUbufaransa bubatse ingoro nziza, kandi imitako yimbere ni ihinduka ryimyambarire ya baroque idasanzwe, yerekana ibiranga urukiko rwo kuzamuka kwabagore, ni ukuvuga kwibanda kuri kaseti itukura kandi nziza, nziza kandi nziza. Imiterere ya Rococo mubyukuri nuburyo bwa Baroque bwahinduwe nkana kubisubizo byanze bikunze.

Umwami Louis XV yasimbuye ku ngoma, muri Gashyantare 1745 umunsi umwe ahura n’umutima we mu myaka irenga makumyabiri y'urukundo nyarwo - Madamu Pompadour, niho Madamu Pompadour yafunguye injyana ya Rococo y'ibihe bishya.

Imiterere yimitako ya Rococo irangwa na: yoroheje, yoroheje, nziza kandi nziza cyane, imitako myinshi C, S-imeze na S-imizingo ifatanye kandi ifite amabara meza yo gushushanya.

Butike ya Wellendorff imitako ya Shanghai Shanghai Ikirangantego cy’imitako yo mu Budage Wellendorff Wellendorff West Nanjing Umuhanda wa butike ifungura ubukorikori bwa zahabu mu Budage (2)
v2-79dc885e2f76f40dcf55123f050a4256_1440w

Rococo Art Deco ishushanya uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya abashinwa, Abafaransa bava kumurongo woroshye cyane w'Ubushinwa, farufari y'Ubushinwa n'ameza n'intebe n'akabati kugirango babone imbaraga.

Ibishushanyo ntibyari bikiganjemo ibigirwamana, ibimenyetso by’amadini n’ibisanzwe, ahubwo byiganjemo ibintu bisanzwe bidasanzwe nkibibabi, indabyo nimizabibu.

Imiterere yuburyo bwa Rococo mubyukuri nuburyo bwa Baroque bwahinduwe nkana kubisubizo byanze bikunze. Ushaka kumenya byinshi kubyerekeye imitako ya rococo imitako ninshuti zubuhanzi, basabwe kureba film ihagarariye "The Greatest Showman". Filime yose kuva kumitako kugeza kwambara kugeza kumitako yimbere irerekana cyane ibiranga nubwiza bwuburyo bwa rococo.

v2-478bfd77f40e23b542cd1400307736ee_1440w
Imiterere yimitako ya Byzantine Baroque imitako yuburyo bwa Rococo imitako yuburyo bwa mateka Amateka yimitako Amateka yimitako ya kera
v2-26ab1701240abc7bdbe71fca7542d3a3_1440w

Imitako ya Rococo ikozwe numubare munini wa roza yaciwe na diyama, irangwa na base iringaniye hamwe na mpandeshatu.

Ubu buryo butandukanye bwakomeje kumenyekana kugeza mu myaka ya za 1820, ubwo bwasimburwaga no gucukurwa mu birombe bishaje, ariko ntibwigeze bubura burundu, ndetse bwishimira ububyutse muri 1920, nyuma yimyaka irenga 100.

Inganda z’imitako zibasiwe cyane n’impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa mu 1789. Hanyuma umugabo muto wo muri Sisile aba Umwami w’Ubufaransa, kandi uwo yari Napoleon. Yifuzaga cyane icyubahiro cyahoze ari ubwami bw'Abaroma, kandi uburyo bwa rococo bw'igitsina gore bwagiye buhoro buhoro buva mu mateka.

Hejuru yuburyo butandukanye bwimitako itangaje kandi nziza, bafite uburyo butandukanye, ariko kandi bureke umuntu yumve umwe cyangwa undi, cyane cyane Baroque na Rococo - urukiko rwa Baroque, Rococo nziza. Ariko uko biri kwose, uburyo bwabo bwubuhanzi, bwagize ingaruka zikomeye kubashushanya kuva icyo gihe.

v2-913820fd5711240660cb3612162ed90a_1440w
v2-620445a1a0d8f38e51a19af3f1a72f73_1440w

Basabe

Ubwiza bwimitako mugushushanya amavuta

Kuki imiterere ya kera ya firime yimitako idasanzwe

Ni ibihe byamamare by'imitako bikunda? Imitako yambarwa na Lady Thatcher

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024