Mu myaka yashize, igihangange mpuzamahanga cya diyama De Beers cyagize ibibazo bikomeye, cyugarijwe n’impamvu zitari nziza, kandi cyegeranya ububiko bunini bwa diyama kuva ikibazo cy’amafaranga cyo mu 2008.
Ku bijyanye n’ibidukikije ku isoko, gukomeza kugabanuka kw'isoko ku bihugu bikomeye byabaye nko gukubita inyundo; kugaragara kwa diyama yakuze muri laboratoire byakajije umurego; n'ingaruka z'icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba zatumye umubare w'abashyingiranwa ugabanuka, bigabanya cyane icyifuzo cya diyama ku isoko ry'ubukwe. Muri ubu buryo butatu, uruganda rukora diyama nini cyane ku isi De Beers rwarazamutse rugera kuri miliyari 2 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa De Beers, Al Cook yeruye ati: “Uyu mwaka kugurisha diyama mbisi ntago ari byiza.”
Iyo usubije amaso inyuma, De Beers yahoze afite uruhare runini mu nganda za diyama, agenzura 80% by'umusaruro wa diyama ku isi mu myaka ya za 1980.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, De Beers yagenzuye 80% by'umusaruro wa diyama ku isi, ndetse no muri iki gihe iracyafite hafi 40% by'isoko rya diyama karemano ku isi, rikaba rifite uruhare runini mu nganda.
Imbere yo kugabanuka gukurikiranye kugurisha, De Beers yakuyemo ahagarara. Ku ruhande rumwe, byabaye ngombwa ko hagabanuka ibiciro mu rwego rwo gukurura abaguzi; kurundi ruhande, yagerageje kugenzura itangwa rya diyama mu rwego rwo guhagarika ibiciro by’isoko. Isosiyete yagabanije cyane umusaruro uva mu birombe byayo hafi 20% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize, kandi nta kundi byagenda uretse kugabanya ibiciro muri cyamunara iheruka muri uku kwezi.
Ku isoko rya diyama itoroshye, imbaraga za De Beers ntizishobora gusuzugurwa. Isosiyete itegura ibirori 10 byo kugurisha buri mwaka, kandi hamwe nubumenyi bwimbitse bwinganda no kugenzura isoko, abaguzi akenshi nta kundi byagenda uretse kwakira ibiciro numubare utangwa na De Beers. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, nubwo igabanuka ry’ibiciro, ibiciro by’isosiyete biracyari hejuru ugereranije n’ibigaragara ku isoko rya kabiri.
Muri iki gihe, isoko rya diyama riri mu gihirahiro, isosiyete nkuru y’ababyeyi ya De Beers Anglo American yagize igitekerezo cyo kuyizunguruka nka sosiyete yigenga. Uyu mwaka, Umunyamerika Anglo yanze isoko rya BHP Billiton rya miliyari 49 z'amadolari kandi yiyemeza kugurisha De Beers. Icyakora, umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda ry’Abongereza muri Amerika, Duncan Wanblad, umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda ry’Abanyamerika, yihanangirije ingorane zo guta De Beers, haba mu kugurisha cyangwa gutanga ku mugaragaro (IPO), bitewe n’intege nke ziri ku isoko rya diyama.
Mu rwego rwo gukusanya ibicuruzwa, De Beers yatangije gahunda yo kwamamaza mu Kwakira yibanda kuri “diyama karemano”
Mu Kwakira, De Beers yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza bwibanda kuri “diyama karemano,” hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhanga no gukoresha amayeri asa n'ay'iyamamazabutumwa ryamamaye rya sosiyete yo mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 20.
Cook, uri ku buyobozi bwa De Beers kuva muri Gashyantare 2023, yavuze ko iyi sosiyete izongera ishoramari mu kwamamaza no gucuruza ifatanije n’uko De Beers ishobora guteshwa agaciro, ikaba ifite gahunda ikomeye yo kwagura mu buryo bwihuse imiyoboro y’ububiko bw’isi kuva ku maduka 40 kugeza ku 100.
Cook yatangaje afite icyizere ati: "Gutangiza iyi gahunda yo kwamamaza ibyiciro byinshi ......, mu maso yanjye, ni ikimenyetso cyerekana uko De Beers yigenga izaba imeze. Njye mbona, ubu ari igihe cyiza cyo gusunika cyane ku kwamamaza no gushyigikira byimazeyo kubaka no kwagura ibicuruzwa, nubwo twagabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gushora imari no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro."
Cook ashimangira kandi ko "gukira gahoro gahoro" mubisabwa na diyama ku isi biteganijwe ko bucya umwaka utaha. Yavuze ati: “Twabonye ibimenyetso bya mbere byo gukira mu bicuruzwa byo muri Amerika mu Kwakira no mu Gushyingo.” Ibi bishingiye kumibare yamakarita yinguzanyo yerekana kuzamuka kumitako no kugura ibintu.
Umusesenguzi w’inganda wigenga, Paul Zimnisky, we, avuga ko biteganijwe ko igurishwa rya diyama mbisi ya De Beers rigabanukaho hafi 20% muri uyu mwaka, nyuma y’igabanuka rikabije rya 30% mu 2023. Icyakora, birashimishije kubona ko biteganijwe ko isoko rizakira mu 2025.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-02-2025