Diyama isanzwe yahoze ikurikirana abantu benshi "bakunda", kandi igiciro gihenze nacyo cyatumye abantu benshi bagira isoni. Ariko mu myaka ibiri ishize, igiciro cya diyama karemano gikomeje gutakaza ubutaka. Byumvikane ko guhera mu ntangiriro ya 2022 kugeza ubu, igabanuka ry’igiciro cya diyama ikarishye yahinzwe kugera kuri 85%. Kuruhande rwo kugurisha, diyama 1 karat ihingwa yagabanutseho hejuru ya 80% ugereranije ugereranije nu ngingo yo hejuru.
Ku isi ku ya 3 Ukuboza, EST izagurishwa ku isoko rya kabiri rya diyama karemano - EST izagurishwa ku isoko rya kabiri ibiciro bya diyama bikabije bikamanuka 10% bikagera kuri 15%.
Bamwe mu basesenguzi bagaragaje ko De Beers ubusanzwe ifata igabanuka ry’ibiciro nk '“inzira ya nyuma” yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’isoko. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro byinshi kw'isosiyete byagaragaje ko byihutirwa guhangana n'ibibazo by'isoko. Ibi birerekana kandi ko, nkigihangange mu nganda, De Beers ihura n’umuvuduko ukabije ku isoko yananiwe gushyigikira neza igiciro cya diyama.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu bisubizo 2023 byashyizwe ahagaragara na De Beers, amafaranga yinjije muri iryo tsinda yagabanutseho 34.84% kuva kuri miliyari 6.6 mu 2022 agera kuri miliyari 4.3, mu gihe igurishwa rya diyama ryagabanutseho 40% riva kuri miliyari 6 mu 2022 rigera kuri miliyari 3.6.
Ku bijyanye n’impamvu zituma igabanuka rya diyama riheruka, abari mu nganda bemeza ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi, ihinduka ry’abaguzi kuva diyama rijya mu mitako ya zahabu, ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ubukwe byagabanije icyifuzo cya diyama. Byongeye kandi, Umuyobozi mukuru wa De Beers yavuze kandi ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi kandi abaguzi bagenda buhoro buhoro bava mu bicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa berekeza kuri serivisi zishingiye kuri serivisi, bityo rero icyifuzo cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bihenze nka diyama, cyaragabanutse cyane.
Hasesenguwe kandi ko igiciro cy’igabanuka rya diyama ikabije ndetse no kugabanuka kw isoko ku isoko, cyane cyane kuba diyama ihingwa mu buryo bwa gihanga byagabanije abaguzi kuri diyama karemano. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye diyama yakozwe n'abantu yegera ubwiza bwa diyama karemano ariko ku giciro gito, ikurura abaguzi benshi, cyane cyane mu gukoresha imitako ya buri munsi, no gufata ku isoko rya diyama karemano.
Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, tekinoroji yo gukora diyama ihingwa iragenda iba nziza. Kugeza ubu, uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora diyama ihingwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nuburyo bwumuvuduko mwinshi (HPHT) hamwe nubumara bwa chimique (CVD). Ubwo buryo bwombi burashobora gukora neza diyama nziza cyane muri laboratoire, kandi umusaruro uhora utera imbere. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza bwa diyama ihingwa nabwo buratera imbere, kandi bugereranywa na diyama karemano ukurikije ibara, ubwumvikane no gukata.
Kugeza ubu, umubare wa diyama ihingwa yakoreshejwe umaze guhangana na diyama karemano. Raporo iheruka ya Tenoris, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’Amerika, yerekanye ko kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’imitako yarangiye muri Amerika byiyongereyeho 9.9% mu Kwakira 2024, ...
muri byo imitako isanzwe ya diyama yazamutseho gato, hejuru ya 4,7%; mugihe diyama ihingwa yageze kuri 46%.
Nk’uko urubuga rw’imibare rw’Ubudage rubitangaza, kugurisha diyama zifite umuco bizagera kuri miliyari 18 z'amadolari ku isoko ry’imitako ku isi mu 2024, bingana na 20% by’isoko rusange ry’imitako.
Amakuru rusange yerekana ko Ubushinwa butanga diyama monocrystal bugera kuri 95% by’umusaruro rusange ku isi, biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Mu rwego rwa diyama ihingwa, Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro bugera kuri 50% by’ubushobozi bwa diyama buhingwa ku isi.
Nk’uko isesengura ry’amakuru ryakozwe n’ikigo ngishwanama Bain kibitangaza ngo mu 2021 Ubushinwa bugurishwa cyane bwa diyama mu mwaka wa 2021 buzaba karatoni miliyoni 1.4, aho isoko rya diyama rihingwa ryinjira mu kigero cya 6.7%, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu Bushinwa hagurishwa diyama ihingwa cyane igera kuri miliyoni 4 mu 2025, hamwe na diyama ihingwa igera kuri 13.8%. Abasesenguzi bagaragaje ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kumenyekanisha isoko, inganda za diyama zihingwa zitangiza mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2024