Isaro, ni imbaraga zamabuye y'agaciro, afite urumuri rwinshi kandi rufite uburanga, nkabamarayika barira amarira, yera kandi meza. Byatekerejwe mumazi ya puwaro, byoroshye hanze yikigo, gusobanura neza ubukana bwabagore nubwiza bworoshye.
Imaragarita ikoreshwa muguhimbaza urukundo rwa kibyeyi. Abagore buzuye imbaraga iyo bakiri bato, uruhu rwabo rurahuha kandi rworoshye, ariko uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, iminkanyari iranyerera mumaso yabo. Ubuzima burasaza, kandi n'amasaro. Kubwibyo, kugirango tureke amasaro meza agume akiri mato kandi meza, dukeneye kubungabunga no kwitaho neza.
01 Niki gitera gusaza?
Ibyo bita isaro ishaje, isaro ishaje bivuze ko ihinduka umuhondo? Igisubizo ntabwo aricyo, gusaza kwamasaro ntiguhinduka umuhondo, ariko ibara riba ryoroshye, urumuri ruba rubi. None niki gitera amasaro gusaza?
Kurabagirana no kurangi by'isaro ni imvugo yo hanze yerekana imiterere ya nacre nibintu bigize ibice, kandi igice kinini cya nacre ni calcium karubone, kandi imiterere ya calcium karubone nayo iratandukanye kubera imiterere itandukanye. Kalisiyumu karubone mu isaro yabanje kubaho muburyo bwa aragonite, ariko ibintu bifatika bya aragonite ntabwo bihamye, kandi igihe nikigera, bizahinduka calcite isanzwe.
Imiterere ya calcium ya karubone ya kirisiti ya aragonite na calcite iratandukanye rwose, kandi imiterere yinkingi ya kristu yamenetse mubindi bice, kandi iyi microscopique kandi ihinduka gahoro ni inzira yo gusaza buhoro buhoro. Kuberako arachite na calcite byera iyo bidafite umwanda, ariko urumuri rutandukanye cyane, inzira rero yo gusaza isaro ninzira kuva arachite kugeza kuri calcite.
02 Ni iki mu by'ukuri gitera imaragarita guhinduka umuhondo?
Isaro ihinduka umuhondo kuko yandujwe n'ibyuya iyo yambitswe, ahanini biterwa no kuyitaho nabi, kimwe no kubira ibyuya byinshi mu cyi, T-shirt yera izahinduka umuhondo igihe kirekire, isaro nayo izahinduka umuhondo kubera ibyuya. Ahanini kuberako ibyuya birimo urea, aside uric nibindi bintu, byinjira hejuru yisaro. Iyo isaro ikurura urumuri rutari umuhondo igihe kirekire, iyo urumuri rusanzwe rukubise isaro, tuzabona isaro ifata ibara ry'umuhondo.
Byongeye kandi, imaragarita idakoreshwa igihe kinini biroroshye gutakaza ubushuhe no guhinduka umuhondo nyuma yimyaka 60, 70 cyangwa 100. Isaro ifite amahirwe agera kumyaka ijana yo kwerekana ubuhanga bwayo, birashoboka rero rwose kuzuza umurage wibisekuru bitatu byamasaro meza. Isaro ntabwo ihoraho nkindabyo za pulasitike, ariko yiboneye kandi yiboneye impinduka zigihe kirekire, bituma abantu bumva ibyiyumvo byabo nubwiza.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye amasaro karemano kuva mu myaka irenga 8000 ku kirwa cya Marawa hafi ya ABU Dhabi, kandi nubwo amasaro afite ibara ryinshi, barashobora kwiyumvisha ubwiza bahoze bafite kuva ku mucyo usigaye. Isaro ryerekanwe muri UAE ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka 8000 ishize.
03 Nigute ushobora gukora isaro ry'umuhondo gusubira ibara risanzwe?
Hasabwe ko aside hydrochloric aside ishobora kongera amasaro yera. Mubyukuri, reaction ya acide hydrochloric na karubone ya calcium itera imiterere ya pearl ikora hejuru yumuhondo, bikagaragaza urwego rwera rushya rwamasaro, kuburyo urumuri rwisaro rusanzwe ruba rubi. Niba ushaka gukora isaro igarura ubwiza nyabwo, birakwiriye ko winjiza mumazi ya hydrogen peroxide yo kwa muganga, mugihe uta igitonyanga. Ingaruka zo guhumeka ziroroshye kandi ntizibabaza amasaro. Hamwe nubwitonzi bukwiye, imaragarita nayo irashobora kugira ubuzima burebure.
04 Ni gute amasaro agomba kubungabungwa?
Kubwibyo, niba ushaka gukora isaro yawe "Tong Yan" idashaje, ntushobora kubaho utamutunze. Nigute amasaro agomba kubungabungwa?
1. Irinde amazi
Amazi arimo urugero rwa chlorine (C1), rwangiza urumuri rwisaro. Muri icyo gihe, isaro igira amazi, iyo yogejwe namazi cyangwa igahura nu icyuya, amazi azinjira mu mwobo w'agaciro, bikavamo impinduka z’imiti, ku buryo urumuri rudasanzwe rw'isaro ruzimira, kandi rushobora gukurura ibintu bya imaragarita.
2. Kurinda isuri na alkali
Ibigize isaro ni karubone ya calcium, nka pearl ihura na acide, alkalis na chimique, reaction yimiti izabaho, bityo isenye ibara ryamabara nisaro. Nkumutobe, parufe, spray yimisatsi, gukuramo imisumari yimisumari, nibindi. Nyamuneka rero, nyamuneka kwambara amasaro nyuma yo kwisiga, kandi ntukayambare mugihe cyo gutunganya umusatsi no gusiga irangi.
3. Irinde izuba
Nkuko imaragarita irimo ubuhehere, igomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje. Nkigihe kirekire cyo guhura nubushyuhe cyangwa imirasire ya ultraviolet, cyangwa biganisha kumasaro.
4. Ukeneye umwuka
Imaragarita ibaho amabuye y'agaciro, ntukayifungishe mumasanduku yimitako igihe kirekire, kandi ntukoreshe imifuka ya pulasitike kugirango uyifunge. Gufungwa igihe kirekire biroroshye gutera isaro yumye n'umuhondo, bityo igomba kwambarwa buri mezi make kugirango isaro ihumeka umwuka mwiza.
5. Gusukura imyenda
Igihe cyose nyuma yo kwambara imitako ya puwaro (cyane cyane iyo wambaye ibyuya), ugomba gusa gukoresha umwenda mwiza wa veleti kugirango uhanagure isaro. Niba uhuye nibirango bigoye guhanagura, urashobora gushira flannelette mumazi make yatoboye kugirango uhanagure hejuru, hanyuma ukayasubiza mumasanduku yimitako nyuma yo kumisha bisanzwe. Ntukoreshe impapuro zohanagura, guhanagura impapuro zo mumaso zohanagura bizambara uruhu rwa isaro.
6. Irinde umwotsi wamavuta
Isaro itandukanye na kirisiti hamwe nandi mabuye y'agaciro, ifite imyenge mito hejuru, ntabwo rero bikwiye kureka ngo ihumeke ibintu byanduye mukirere. Niba wambaye amasaro yo guteka, umwuka hamwe numwotsi bizinjira mumasaro hanyuma bihinduke umuhondo.
7. Ubike ukwe
Imaragarita iroroshye cyane kuruta ayandi mabuye y'agaciro, ariko ibigize imiti ni calcium karubone, ntibikomeye kuruta umukungugu wo mu kirere, kandi byoroshye kwambara. Kubwibyo, imitako ya puwaro igomba kubikwa ukwayo kugirango wirinde ibindi bintu byimitako bikurura uruhu rwamasaro. Niba ugiye kwambara urunigi rw'isaro kumyenda yawe, imiterere yimyenda nibyiza kuba byoroshye kandi bitanyerera, imyenda idakabije irashobora gushushanya amasaro yagaciro.
8. Shakisha buri gihe
Isaro ryoroshye biroroshye kurekura igihe, bityo bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe. Niba ibonetse irekuye, simbuza insinga ya silike mugihe. Agasaro k'isaro karasabwa gusimburwa rimwe mumyaka 1-2, bitewe ninshuro zambarwa.
Ibintu by'agaciro, bigomba gukenera kwitabwaho nyirubwite, kugirango bihangane. Witondere uburyo bwo kubungabunga imitako ya maragarita, kugirango ugire isaro ukundwa iteka ryose Guanghua, imyaka ntabwo ishaje.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2024